'C' Lab Manual
Examples:
-
1.
Write a
function to input a character and display the character input twice.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char c;
c=getc(stdin);
fflush(stdin);
putc(c, stdout);
putc(c,stdout);
}
Output:
*
**
2.
Write a
function to accept and display a string.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char in_str[21];
puts("Enter a string to
a maximum of 20 characters");
gets(in_str);
fflush(stdin);
puts(in_str);
}
Output:
Enter a string to a maximum
of 20 characters
Welcome
Welcome
3.
Write a
function to accept and store two characters in different memory locations,
and display them one after the other
using the functions getchar() and putchar().
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char a,b;
a=getchar();
fflush(stdin);
b=getchar();
fflush(stdin);
putchar(a);
putchar(b);
}
Output:
1
a
1a
4. Write a function that prompts the user to
input a name upto a maximum of 25 characters, and display the following
message:
Hello. How do you do?
(name)
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char instr[26];
puts("Enter Your Name to a maximum of 25
characters");
gets(instr);
fflush(stdin);
puts("Hello. How do you
do?");
puts(instr);
}
Output:
Enter Your Name to a maximum
of 25 characters
CharlesBabbage
Hello. How do you do?
CharlesBabbage
5. Write a function that prompts for a name
(upto 20 characters) and address (upto 30 characters) and accepts them one at a
time. Finally the name and address are displayed in the following way:
i.
Your
name is: (name)
ii.
Your
address is: (address)
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char name[21], addrs[31];
puts("Enter your Name
to a maximum of 20 characters");
gets(name);
fflush(stdin);
puts("Enter your
Address to a maximum of 30 characters");
gets(addrs);
fflush(stdin);
puts(“Your Name is:");
puts(name);
puts(“Your Address
is:");
puts(addrs);
}
Output:
Enter your Name to a maximum
of 20 characters
Macmillan
Enter your Address to a
maximum of 30 characters
5, Dale Street, New York
Your Name is:
Macmillan
Your Address is:
5, Dale Street, New York
6. Write a function using the if…else
condition, if the input character is A then display a message "Character
is A" otherwise display a message "Character is not A"
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char chr;
puts("Enter a
character");
chr=getchar();
fflush(stdin);
if(chr=='A')
puts("Character is A");
else
puts("Character is not A");
}
Output:(When
a wrong character is entered)
Enter a character
a
Character is not A
Output:(When
a right character is entered)
Enter a character
A
Character is A
7. Write a nested if..else construct to check
if an input character is in upper-case or lower-case.
Solution 7
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char inp;
puts("Enter a character");
inp=getchar();
fflush(stdin);
if(inp>='A')
if(inp<='Z')
puts("Upper case”);
else if(inp>='a')
if(inp<='z')
puts("Lower case”);
}
Output
1:
Enter
a character
a
Lower
case
Output
2:
Enter
a character
G
Upper
case
8. Write a program that checks whether an
input character is a digit or not.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
main()
{
char s;
s=getchar();
if (isdigit(s))
puts(“The character is a number”);
else
puts(“The character is not a number”);
}
Output:
5
The character is a number
9. Write a function to check if the input
character is a vowel, else print an appropriate message.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char in_chr;
puts("Enter a character
in lower case:");
in_chr=getchar();
fflush(stdin);
if(in_chr=='a')
puts("Vowel a");
else if(in_chr=='e')
puts(“vowel e");
else if(in_chr=='i')
puts(“vowel i”);
else if(in_chr=='o')
puts(“vowel o”);
else if(in_chr=='u')
puts(“vowel u");
else
puts("The character is
not a vowel");
}
Output:
Enter a character in lower case:
e
vowel e
10.
Write a function that accepts a
single-character grade code, and depending on what grade is input, displays the
DA percentage according to the table given below:
Grade
DA%
1 95%
2 80%
3 70%
4 65%
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char inp;
puts("Enter Grade Code:");
inp=getchar();
fflush(stdin);
if(inp=='1')
puts("DA percentage is 95%");
else if(inp =='2')
puts("DA percentage is 80%");
else if(inp =='3')
puts("DA percentage is 70%");
else if(inp =='4')
puts("DA percentage is 65%");
else
puts("Invalid Grade Code");
}
Output:
Enter Grade Code:
2
DA percentage is 80%
11.
Write a function
to display the following menu and accept a choice number. If an invalid choice
is entered an appropriate error message must be displayed, else the choice
number entered must be displayed.
|
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char chc;
puts("Menu");
puts("1. Masters");
puts("2. Transaction");
puts("3. Reports");
puts("4. Exit");
puts(" ");
puts("your choice :");
chc=getchar();
fflush(stdin);
switch(chc)
{
case'1' : puts(“choice is 1");
break;
case'2' : puts(“choice is 2");
break;
case'3' : puts(“choice is 3");
break;
case'4' : puts(“choice is 4");
break;
default : puts("Invalid choice");
}
}
Output:
Menu
1. Masters
2. Transaction
3. Reports
4. Exit
your choice :
1
choice is 1
12. Write a function to accept characters from
the keyboard until the character '!' is input, and to display the total number
of vowel characters entered.
Solution
#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
int v;
char inp;
v=0;
while(inp!='!')
{
puts("Enter a character");
inp=getchar();
fflush(stdin);
switch(inp)
{
case'A' :
case'a' :
case'E' :
case'e' :
case'I' :
case'i' :
case'O' :
case'o' :
case'U' :
case'u' :
v++;
break;
}
}
puts("No. of vowels
are : ");
printf("%d", v);
}
Output:
Enter a character
q
Enter a character
a
Enter a character
p
Enter a character
e
Enter a character
!
No. of Vowels are :
2
13. Write a function to accept a character and
display it 40 times.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char chr;
int i=0;
puts("Enter a
character”);
chr=getchar();
fflush(stdin);
while(i<40)
{
putchar(chr);
i=i+1;
}
}
Output:
Enter a character
#
########################################
14. Write a function that accepts a number
from 0 to 9. A string should then be displayed the number of times specified.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char str[50],i;
int rep,j=0;
puts("Enter a string”);
gets(str);
fflush(stdin);
puts("Enter the number
of times”);
i=getchar();
fflush(stdin);
switch(i)
{
case '0' : rep=0;
break;
case '1' : rep=1;
break;
case '2' : rep=2;
break;
case '3' : rep=3;
break;
case '4' : rep=4;
break;
case '5' : rep=5;
break;
case '6' : rep=6;
break;
case '7' : rep=7;
break;
case '8' : rep=8;
break;
case '9' : rep=9;
break;
default : puts("Invalid choice");
}
while(j<rep)
{
puts(str);
j=j+1;
}
}
Output:
Enter a string
Where there is a will there
is a way
Enter the number of times
5
Where there is a will there
is a way
Where there is a will there
is a way
Where there is a will there
is a way
Where there is a will there
is a way
Where there is a will there
is a way
15. Write a function that accepts either 'y'
or 'n' only as input. For any other character input, an appropriate error
message should be displayed and the input accepted again.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char yn;
do
{
puts("Enter y/n (Yes/No)”);
yn=getchar();
fflush(stdin);
if(yn!='y' &&yn!='n')
puts("Invalid input”);
}while(yn!='y'&&yn!='n');
}
Output:
Enter y/n (Yes/No)
m
Invalid input
Enter y/n (Yes/No)
3
Invalid input
Enter y/n (Yes/No)
y
16. Write a function to accept ten characters
from the character set, and to display whether the number of lower-case
characters is greater than, less than or equal to number of upper-case
characters. Display an error message if the input is not an alphabet.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char chr;
int I, low, upp;
low=upp=0;
for (I=0;I<10;I=I+1)
{
puts("Enter a
character");
chr=getchar();
fflush(stdin);
if(chr<'A'||(chr>'Z'&&chr<'a')||chr>'z')
{
puts("the input is not
an alphabet");
}
else
if(chr>='a'&&chr<='z')
{
low=low+1;
}
else upp=upp+1;
}
if(low>upp)
puts("count of
lower-case characters is more");
else if(upp>low)
puts("count of
upper-case characters is more");
else
puts("count of
lower-case and upper-case characters is equal");
}
Output:
Enter a character
a
Enter a character
A
Enter a character
S
Enter a character
B
Enter a character
M
Enter a character
y
Enter a character
@
the input is not an alphabet
Enter a character
2
the input is not an alphabet
Enter a character
+
the input is not an alphabet
Enter a character
z
count of upper-case
characters is more
17. Write a function to find the sum of
numbers entered until the input value 999 is entered or until 10 numbers have
been entered.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int num,sum,cnt;
cnt=sum=0;
while(cnt<10)
{
printf("Enter a
number(999 to quit)\n");
scanf("%d",&num);
fflush(stdin);
if(num==999)
break;
sum=sum+num;
cnt=cnt+1;
}
printf("The sum of %d
numbers is :%d\n",cnt, sum);
}
Output:
Enter
a number(999 to quit)
11
Enter
a number(999 to quit)
14
Enter
a number(999 to quit)
78
Enter
a number(999 to quit)
19
Enter
a number(999 to quit)
999
The
sum of 4 numbers is :122
18. Write a function to accept 8 numbers and
print the sum of all positive numbers entered.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int I,sum,num;
sum=num=0;
for(I=0;I<8;I=I+1)
{
puts("Enter a
number");
scanf("%d",&num);
fflush(stdin);
if(num<=0)
continue;
sum=sum+num;
}
printf("The sum of
positive numbers entered is %d\n",sum);
}
Output:
Enter a number
5
Enter a number
-2
Enter a number
3
Enter a number
4
Enter a number
-1
Enter a number
7
Enter a number
2
Enter a number
1
The sum of positive numbers
entered is 22
19. Write a function that stores the alphabets
A to Z in an array by making use of their ASCII codes, given that the ASCII
code of character A is 65. The function should also display the string.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int I, asc=65;
char alpha[27];
for(I=0;I<26;I=I+1)
{
alpha[I]=asc;
asc=asc+1;
}
alpha[26]='\0';
printf("The alphabets
are :%s\n",alpha);
}
Output:
The alphabets are
:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
20. In a file delete utility program for 5
files the user response to whether a file is to be deleted or not is to be
stored in an array as 'Y' for yes and 'N' for no for all files. By default the
user response should be N for all files. Write a function that sets up an array
and accepts users response.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char ans, file_yn[5];
int I;
for(I=0;I<5;I=I+1)
file_yn[I]='N';
printf("The string has
been initialized \n");
for(I=0;I<5;I=I+1)
{
printf("Enter Y/N for
deleting a file no# %d\n",I+1);
ans =getchar();
fflush(stdin);
if(ans=='y'||ans=='Y')
file_yn[I]=ans;
}
printf("\n The status
Report: \n");
for(I=0;I<5;I=I+1)
printf("Delete file no#
%d : %c\n",I+1,file_yn[I]);
}
Output:
The string has been
initialized
Enter Y/N for deleting a
file no# 1
y
Enter Y/N for deleting a
file no# 2
n
Enter Y/N for deleting a
file no# 3
Enter Y/N for deleting a
file no# 4
n
Enter Y/N for deleting a
file no# 5
y
The status Report:
Delete file no# 1 : y
Delete file no# 2 : N
Delete file no# 3 : N
Delete file no# 4 : N
Delete file no# 5 : y
21. Write a function to convert a character
string into lower case
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char in_str[101];
int I=0;
printf("Enter a string
(upto 100 characters)\n");
gets(in_str);
fflush(stdin);
while(in_str[I]!='\0')
{
if(in_str[I]>='A'&&in_str[I]<='Z')
in_str[I]=in_str[I]+32;
I=I+1;
}
printf("The converted
string is %s\n",in_str);
}
Output:
Enter
a string (upto 100 characters)
The
Little Brown Fox Jumped Over a pussy
The
converted string is the little brown fox jumped over a pussy
22. Write a function to compare two strings
and to print the larger one. The strings may be compared in terms of ASCII code
of each character in the string.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char str1[101],str2[101];
int diff, I=0;
printf("Enter
string#1(upto 100 chrs)\n");
gets(str1);
fflush(stdin);
printf("Entering string#2(upto
100 chrs)\n");
gets(str2);
fflush(stdin);
do
{
diff=str1[I]-str2[I];
if(str1[I]=='\0'||str2[I]=='\0')
break;
I=I+1;
}while(diff==0);
if(diff>0)
printf("Larger string
:%s \n",str1);
else if(diff<0)
printf("Larger string
:%s\n",str2);
else
printf("strings are
equal\n");
}
Output:
Enter
string#1(upto 100 chrs)
Hello
Entering
string#2(upto 100 chrs)
Hell
Larger
string :Hello
23. Write a function to accept a maximum of 25
numbers and to display the highest and lowest numbers along with all the numbers.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int arry[25], low, high,
I=-1;
do
{
I=I+1;
printf("Enter no.%d,(0
to terminate)\n",I+1);
scanf("%d",&arry[I]);
fflush(stdin);
}while(arry[I]!=0);
I=0;
low=high=arry[0];
while(arry[I]!=0)
{
if(low>arry[I])
low=arry[I];
else if (high<arry[I])
high = arry[I];
I=I+1;
}
for(I=0;arry[I]!=0;I=I+1)
printf("Number %dis
%d\n",I+1,arry[I]);
printf("Lowest number
is %d\nHighest number is %d\n",low, high);
}
Output:
Enter no.1,(0 to terminate)
5
Enter no.2,(0 to terminate)
9
Enter no.3,(0 to terminate)
14
Enter no.4,(0 to terminate)
23
Enter no.5,(0 to terminate)
78
Enter no.6,(0 to terminate)
19
Enter no.7,(0 to terminate)
0
Number 1is 5
Number 2is 9
Number 3is 14
Number 4is 23
Number 5is 78
Number 6is 19
Lowest number is 5
Highest number is 78
24. Write a program, which reads in a year and
reports on whether it is a leap year or not.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int year;
printf("\n please input
the year:");
scanf("%d",&year);
fflush(stdin);
if((((year%4)==0)&&((year%100)!=0))||((year%400)==0))
{
printf("\n\n Given year
%d is a leap year", year);
}
else
{
printf("\n\n Given year
%d is not a leap year",year);
}
}
Output:
please
input the year:1940
Given year 1940 is a leap year
25. Write a program to determine the length of
a string.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int count;
char mesg[25];
char*ptr;
printf(“Enter a String :”);
gets(mesg);
for(ptr=mesg,count=0;*ptr!='\0';ptr++)
{
count++;
}
printf("Length of the
string is :%d\n",count);
}
Output:
Enter a String :Welcome
Length of the string is :7
26. Write a program to compare two strings and
determine if they are the same.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char *ptr1,*ptr2;
char m1[20], m2[20];
int c=0;
printf("Enter the first
String" );
gets(m1);
printf("Enter the
second String" );
gets(m2);
for(ptr1=m1,ptr2=m2;(*ptr1!='\0')&&(*ptr2!='\0');
ptr1++,ptr2++)
{
if(*ptr1==*ptr2)
{
c=1;
continue;
}
else
{
c=0;
break;
}
}
if( c==0)
printf("The two strings are not the
same");
else
printf("The two strings
are the same");
}
Output1:
Enter the first StringGod
Enter the second StringGod
The two strings are the same
Output2:
Enter the first StringGood
Enter the second StringFood
The two strings are not the
same
27. Write a program to copy a formatted string
into a character array.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int a, b;
char cmd[25];
puts("Enter 2 numbers
\n");
scanf("%d%d”,
&a,&b);
fflush(stdin);
sprintf(cmd, "The sum
of %d and %d is %d",a,b, (a+b));
puts(cmd);
}
Output:
Enter 2 numbers
2
3
The sum of 2 and 3 is 5
28. Write a program to search for a character
in the input string.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
char str[51]="";
search(char* s, char c);
main()
{
char chr;
puts("Enter a
string:");
scanf(“%s”,str);
fflush(stdin);
puts(“Enter a character to
search for :”);
scanf("%s",&chr);
fflush(stdin);
search(str,chr);
}
search(string,c)
char*string;
char c;
{
int I, len;
char rev_str[100];
len=strlen(string);
for(I=0;len!=0;len--,I++)
rev_str[I]=string[I];
I=0;
while (rev_str[I]!=’\0’)
{
if(rev_str[I]==c)
printf(“character :%c found
at %d position \n”,c,I+1);
I++;
}
}
Output:
Enter a string:
Welcome
Enter a character to search
for :
e
character :e found at 2
position
character :e found at 7
position
29. Write a function sum() to add two values
and to return the value to the main function and print the value.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
sum(int a,int b);
main()
{
int x,y,value;
scanf(“%d%d”,&x,&y);
fflush(stdin);
value=sum(x,y);
printf(“Total is %d
\n”,value);
}
sum(int a,int b)
{
return a+b;
}
Output:
3
7
Total is 10
30. Write a program to call a function
power(m,n) to display the nth power of the
integer m.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
power(int *m,int *n);
main()
{
int x,y;
printf(“Enter number :”);
scanf(“%d”,&x);
fflush(stdin);
printf(“Enter power to raise
to :”);
scanf(“%d”,&y);
fflush(stdin);
power(&x,&y);
}
power(int *m,int *n)
{
int I=1,val=1;
while(I++<=*n)
val=val**m;
printf(“%dth power of %d is
%d \n”,*n,*m,val);
}
Output:
Enter number :2
Enter power to raise to :5
5th power of 2 is 32
31. Write a program to display the error
messages shown in the table along with the error number.
 |
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
#define Errors 4
char err_msg[][29]={
“Directory not found”,
“Function not found”,
“Missing error”,
“Data type error “
};
main()
{
int err_no;
for(err_no=0;err_no<Errors;err_no=err_no+1)
{
printf(“\nError message %d
is :%s”,err_no+1,err_msg[err_no]);
}
}
Output:
Error message 1 is :
Directory not found
Error message 2 is :
Function not found
Error message 3 is : Missing
error
Error message 4 is : Data
type error
32. Give appropriate statements to accept
values into the members of the structure date and then print out the date as
mm/dd/yyyy. Assume that the members of the structure are : day, month and year.
Solution
scanf
(“%d%d%d”,&date.day,&date.month,&date.year);
printf(“%d/%d/%d”,date.month,date.day,date.year);
33. Declare a structure as follows
Employee Number (3 character)
Employee First Name (20 characters)
Employee Last Name (20 characters)
Employee Initial (1 character)
Write a code to input the names of 3
employees and print out their initials along with their employee number. The
employee number should be assigned automatically in a serial order.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
struct
{
char eno [6];
char efname [21];
char elname [21];
char einitial;
} empstruct[3];
main()
{
int I;
for(I=0;I<3;I++)
{
sprintf(empstruct[I].eno,
"EMP#%d",I+1);
printf("Employee
Number:%s\n", empstruct[I].eno);
printf("Enter the
employee name (firstName Initial lastName):");
scanf("%s %c %s",
&empstruct[I].efname, &empstruct[I].einitial,
&empstruct[I].elname);
}
for(I=0;I<3;I++)
{
printf("\n%s :
%s %c %s\n",empstruct[I].eno,
empstruct[I].efname,empstruct[I].einitial,empstruct[I].elname);
}
}
Output:
Employee Number:EMP#1
Enter the employee name
(firstName Initial lastName):abc d efg
Employee Number:EMP#2
Enter the employee name
(firstName Initial lastName):hij k lmn
Employee Number:EMP#3
Enter the employee name
(firstName Initial lastName):opq r stu
EMP#1 :
abc d efg
EMP#2 :
hij k lmn
EMP#3 :
opq r stu
34. Write a function to update salary with the
following data
Solution
If salary is Increment salary
by
< Rs6000 Rs
1000
between Rs 6000 and Rs10000 Rs 2000
>= Rs10000 Rs 3000
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
sum_bal(sal)
float sal;
{
if(sal <6000)
return (sal+1000);
else if(sal>=6000
&& sal<10000)
return(sal+2000);
else
return (sal+3000);
}
main()
{ float sl, s;
printf("Enter Salary : ");
scanf("%f", & sl);
s = sum_bal(sl);
printf("%f", s);
}
Output
:
Enter Salary : 12000
15000.000000
35. Write a program to accept a number as a string
and return the sign and absolute value.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char str[6];
printf(“Enter a Number”);
gets(str);
char sgn = ‘+’;
int n=0;
if(str[n]== ‘-’)
{
sgn = ‘-’
;
}
printf(“Sign : %c\n”,sgn);
printf(“Abs. Value: “);
while(str[++n] != ‘\0’)
putchar(str[n]);
}
Output
1:
Enter a Number-125
Sign : -
Abs. Value: 125
Output
2:
Enter a Number456
Sign : +
Abs. Value: 56
36. Find the error in following code.
cal(x,y)
int x,y;
{
return x+y;
return x-y;
return x*y;
}
Solution
The program gives an unreachable
code warning.
37. Find the error in the following code.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char inp;
FILE *pointer1;
pointer1=fopen(“hi1.txt”,”w”);
while((inp=fgetc(pointer1))!=eof)
{
printf(“%c”,inp);
}
}
The file hi1.txt
should be opened in the read mode (“r”) for input. The variable eof cannot be
written in lower case.
38. Write a program to append the contents of
the first file to the second file. The program should also terminate in the
following cases
a.
If 2 arguments
are not specified on the command line. Then display
Usage : append file1file2
b.
If the file to be read cannot be opened then
display
Cannot open input file.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
#include<process.h>
main(argc,argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
FILE *ptr1,*ptr2;
char inp;
if(argc!=3)
{
printf("Usage : append
file1file2\n");
exit(1);
}
else
{
if((ptr1=fopen(argv[1],"r"))==NULL)
{
printf("cannot open
input file \n");
exit(1);
}
}
ptr2=fopen(argv[2],"a");
while((inp=fgetc(ptr1))!=EOF)
{
fputc(inp,ptr2);
}
fclose(ptr1);
fclose(ptr2);
}
Save
the file as cla.c
Output:
Consider file1.txt contains:
I am fine.
Consider file2.txt contains:
How are you?
In the command prompt type
as follows:
C:>
Cla file1.txt file2.txt
Now the file1.txt
contains
I am fine
File2.txt contains
How are you?
I am fine.
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